Coronary artery atherosclerosis is the most common cardiac pathology, which is the primary cause of cardiac mortality. Coronary artery stenosis usually involves the proximal portion of the larger epicardial coronary arteries, but diffuse coronary artery disease is also not rare. Most of the patients with/without several comorbidities have asymptomatic atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary territory, and hence early assessment of coronary artery pathology is of utmost importance. Since early surgical intervention is superior to percutaneous interventions, coronary artery bypass grafting is the first choice for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Coronary revascularization can be performed with different approaches according to the patients risk factors. Preventive treatment of coronary artery disease should be the basic strategy for a healthy system.