In 2008, a CRADA between the INL and Vermeer was signed and work began between the two parties to look at improvements in grinding processes for agricultural crop residues. Preprocessing is a critical operation in the biomass feedstock assembly system of a lignocellulosic biorefinery. Preprocessing is typically accomplished using industrial grinders to grind, chop, or otherwise size-reduce biomass materials into a suitable feedstock for conversion to biofuels and bioproducts. Various components of commercial preprocessing equipment capable of handling large-format material (such as large square bales) can be modified or altered to change the overall productivity and efficiency of the process. Many factors affect machine capacity and efficiency and the physical characteristics of preprocessed biomass. Ultimately, grinder capacity and efficiency can be enhanced by selecting hammer and screen configurations that optimize grinder performance-based mass flow and energy consumption. Variations in grinder capacity and efficiency were evaluated by altering the type, number, and orientation of the hammer
the screen type and size
and the rotational drum speed of the grinder. Fuel use and grinder capacity were compared with each modification made to the grinder system and the original design of the horizontal grinder test platform. Modifications evaluated in this study resulted in a significant increase in grinder capacity and efficiency.