Cellulosic and woody biomass can be directly converted to hydrocarbon gasoline and diesel blending components through the use of integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
). The IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
gasoline and diesel blending components are fully compatible with petroleum based gasoline and diesel, contain less than 1% oxygen and have less than 1 total acid number (TAN). The IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
gasoline is high quality and very close to a drop in fuel. The DOE funding enabled rapid development of the IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
technology from initial proof-of-principle experiments through continuous testing in a 50 kg/day pilot plant. As part of this project, engineering work on IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
has also been completed to design a 1 ton/day demonstration unit and a commercial-scale 2000 ton/day IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
unit. These studies show when using IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
technology, biomass can be converted directly to transportation quality fuel blending components for the same capital cost required for pyrolysis alone, and a fraction of the cost of pyrolysis plus upgrading of pyrolysis oil. Technoeconomic work for IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
and lifecycle analysis (LCA) work has also been completed as part of this DOE study and shows IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
technology can convert biomass to gasoline and diesel blending components for less than $2.00/gallon with greater than 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of the work completed in this DOE project, a joint development agreement was reached with CRI Catalyst Company to license the IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
technology. Further larger-scale, continuous testing of IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
will be required to fully demonstrate the technology, and funding for this is recommended. The IH<
sup>
2<
/sup>
biomass conversion technology would reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil, reduce the price of transportation fuels, and significantly lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is a breakthrough for the widespread conversion of biomass to transportation fuels.