Over the last several years the field of humanized mice has matured and developed into an essential component of translational research for HIV/AIDS. Humanized mice serve both as vehicles for discovery and as highly sophisticated platforms for biomedical research. In addition, humanized mice have demonstrated outstanding potential for the investigation of critical aspects of the infection and pathogenesis of the hepatitis and herpes viruses, as well as highly relevant microbial infections such as tuberculosis and malaria. Humanized Mice for HIV Research provides a comprehensive presentation of the history, evolution, applications, and current state of the art of this unique animal model. As an expansion of twelve review articles that were published in Humanized Mice by Springer in 2008 (Eds: Nomura T, Watanabe T, Habu S), this book expertly captures the outstanding progress that has been made in the development, improvement, implementation, and validation of humanized mouse models. The first two parts of this book cover the basics of human-to-mouse xenotransplantation biology, and provide critical information about human immune cell development and function based on individual models created from different immunodeficient strains of mice. The third and fourth parts investigate HIV-1 biology, including different routes of transmission, prevention, treatment, pathogenesis, and the development of adaptive immunity in humanized mice. The fifth part shows the broad applicability of humanized mice for therapeutic development, from long-acting antiretroviral combinations to genetic manipulations with human cells and cell-based approaches. The sixth part includes liver tissue engineering and the expansion of humanized mice for many other human cell-tropic pathogens. About the Editors The Editors have well-documented track records in each of the subject areas covered, including HIV neuropathogenesis and therapeutics (Larisa Y. Poluektova, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA), developing novel humanized mouse models and pioneering applications for HIV transmission, prevention, persistency and eradication (J. Victor Garcia, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA), retrovirology and host restriction factors (Yoshio Koyanagi, Center for Human Retrovirus Research, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan), hematopoiesis and cytokine transgenic expression (Markus G. Manz, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland), and developing adaptive immunity to HIV in humanized mice (Andrew M. Tager, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, USA). .