This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. Underlining the urgency, scale and complexity of the crisis of declining student learning trajectories despite significant financial investments and reform efforts, this insightful book proposes systems thinking a way of understanding the global education crisis and to drive the real change that is needed to achieve SDG4.