Biomateriomics introduces a comprehensive toolset and detailed case studies that can unlock Nature's secret to high performance materials such as spider silk, bone, and nacre. It aims to elucidate the role of materials in the progression, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and how such understanding can pave the way for new, bioinspired material systems. Focusing on the examination of universal links between processes, structures, and properties across multiple scales - the materiome - this book demonstrates how system functionality and system failure can be explained from the level of building blocks and their fundamental interactions. The ongoing convergence of biology, mathematics and engineering as well as computational and experimental techniques have resulted in the toolset necessary to describe complex material systems, from nano to macro, from molecules to function. Case studies include the analysis of key biological materials, the transfer of biological material principles towards biomimetic and bioinspired applications, and the exploration of diseases in which materials failure plays a critical role. Readers will find an analytical discussion of the experimental and numerical techniques along with a review of required biological, mathematical and physics fundamentals. Providing an extensive review of a range of hierarchical biological materials, Biomateriomics is a valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers interested in the progress of ideas and future research challenges in biomaterials.